Telegram: Manhajar da ta zamo kasuwar hada-hadar miyagun laifuka

- Joe Tidy
- Cyber correspondent, BBC World Service
Kusan wata tara da suka wuce lokacin da nake bincike kan wani labari, sai na ga an saka ni cikin wata tasha a Telegram da aikinta shi ne cinikayyar ƙwayoyi.
Sai aka sake saka ni cikin wata da ake magana kan katin cire kuɗi na sata.
Daga baya na lura cewa tsarina na amfani da Telegram ne ya bai wa mutane damar saka ni cikin tashoshinsu kai-tsaye yayin da ake yaɗa adireshin shafuka masu cutarwa a tsakanin wannan gungun.
Sai na bar tsarin nawa yadda yake domin na ga abin da zai faru, kuma cikin ƴan watanni an saka ni a tashoshi 82 daban-daban.
Na sauya tsarin nawa don na daƙile lamarin, amma yanzu duk lokacin da na shiga manhajar sai na ga dubban saƙonni daga gomman haramtattun zauruka.
Kama shugaban dandalin na Telegram da aka yi a birnin Paris na Faransa ta janyo muhawara kan lura da abubuwan da ke gudana a manhajar.
An tuhumi Pavel Durov da hannu wajen ƙyale haramtattun hada-hada, da safarar ƙwaya, da zamba, da kuma yaɗa hotunan cin zarafin yara a dandalin.
Babu tantama cewa ana aikata laifuka a sauran dandalin sada zumunta, amma binciken da na yi ya gano babbar matsalar da jami'an tsaro suka daɗe suna nuna damuwa a kai.
Shafina na Telegram ya zama kamar wani shagon sayar da haramtattun kayayyaki, ba ma sai na nemi wasu sababbin shaguna ba.
An saka duka hotunan a cikin zaurukan, amma mun sauya sunayensu saboda kada mu tallata su.






Ba wani abin mamaki ba ne ga masana harkokin tsaro a intanet kamar Patrick Gray, inda suke kwatanta Telegram a matsayin wata "muguwar kasuwar asiri a aljihun mutane".
Da yake magana kan kama Mista Durov, Mista Gray ya faɗa a shirinsa na podcast mai suna Risky Business cewa Telegram matattarar aikata laifuka ce tsawon lokaci.
"Muna magana ne kan yaɗa hotunan cin zarafin yara, ga safarar ƙwayoyi, kai maganar da ake yi fa ita ce wata kasuwar bayan fage ce mai girma da babu wani mataki da ake ɗauka a kanta," a cewarsa.
Kasuwar bayan fage da ake da 'dark web' a Turance, wata hanya ce a intanet da ake iya samun damar shiga da wasu manhajoji na musamman da kuma ilimin yin hakan.
Tun bayan kafa dandalin 'Silk Road' a 2011, an yi ta samun ƙaruwar shafukan intanet da ke sayar da haramtattun kaya da ayyuka.

Miyagu na ƙaunar shiga 'dark web' ne saboda damar da suke samu ta ɓatar da sawunsu - layin intanet ɗinsu na zagayawa ne a faɗin duniya ta yadda zai dinga ɓoye wurin da suke, inda gane su zai zama mai wahalar gaske.
Amma da alama miyagu na jin daɗin Telegram su ma.
Masu bincike a kamfanin tsaro na intanet mai suna Intel471 sun ce "kafin zuwan Telegram akan yi irin waɗannan cinikayya ne ta dark web", amma ƙananan miyagu da ba su da ƙwarewa sosai "Telegram ne ya zame musu dandali".
Wani gungun masu kutse na Qilin, wanda ya yi wa asibitocin hukumar lafiya NHS a Birtaniya kutse a farkon shekarar nan, ya wallafa bayanan gwajin jini a tasharsa ta Telegram kafin sakawa a shafinsa na kasuwar bayan fage ta intanet wato dark web.
Shafin ya sha ƙirƙirar bidiyon boge na ƴanmata ƴan makaranta a Sifaniya, da Koriya ta Kudu, kan gudanar da ayyukansa sosai a Telegram, har ma da karɓar kuɗaɗen ayyukan da suka yi.
Babu shakka akan gudanar da ire-iren waɗannan laifuka a wasu dandalin, kamar yadda aka ruwaito a baya.
Wasu daga cikin tashoshin da aka saka ni ciki na da shafuka kuma a Snapchat, kuma akan samu wasu daga cikin masu safarar ƙwaya a Instagram ma, inda ake yin cinikayya a ɓoye.
Amma kuma akan ga wasu masu safarar ƙwaya na tallata tasharsu ta Telegram ɗin a kan wasu dandalin domin neman mabiya.
Kayayyakin cin zarafin yara
Telegram ya ce tsarinsa na saka ido "ya yi daidai da abin da ake buƙata", sai dai kuma a kwanan nan mun ga abin da ya saɓa wa hakan - hotuna da bidiyon cin zarafin yara.
A ranar Laraba, BBC ta gano cewa duk da Telegram kan amsa buƙatar neman rufe wasu tashoshi daga ƴansanda da wasu ƙungiyoyi, ba ya mayar da hankali wajen daƙile hotuna da bidiyon cin zarafin yara.
Manhajar ba ta cikin mambobin ƙungiyoyin National Center for Missing and Exploited Children ko Internet Watch Foundation - waɗanda ke aiki tare da manyan shafukan sada zumunta domin ganowa da kai rahoton irin waɗannan hotuna da bidiyo.
Cikin zarge-zargen da ake yi wa mamallakin Telegram a Faransa shi ne gaza yin ƙoƙarin amsa buƙatar ƴansanda.
"Babban abu a wannan shari'ar shi ne ƙarancin sanya ido a kan hada-hadar ake dandalin, musamman game da yaƙi da cin zarafin yara," in ji Jean-Michel Bernigaud, babban sakatare na hukumar kula da haƙƙin yara a Faransa Ofmim, a shafinsa na LinkedIn.
Telegram ya faɗa wa BBC cewa yana ƙoƙari wajen bincika ayyukan laifi, ciki har da cin zarafin yara, a dandalin. Ya ce an ɗauki matakin da bai sanar ba kan zauruka 45,000 a watan Agusta kawai.
Ofishin hulɗa da jama'ar bai sake amsa wata tambaya ba game da lamarin da kuma sauran abubuwan da wannan labari ya ƙunsa.
Rashin bai wa ƴansanda haɗin kai
Sanya ido kan hirarrakin da ake yi a manhajar wani ɓangare ne kawai na matsalar Telegram. Ana kuma tuhumar sa da ƙin goge hotunan da suka saɓa doka.
Wasu za su ce tsarin kiyaye sirri na Telegram ne ya sa dandalin ba shi da bayanai masu yawa kan ire-iren ayyukan da zai bai wa ƴansandan. Haka abin yake ga dandali masu matuƙar sirri kamar WhatsApp da Signal.

Telegram kan bar mutum ya ƙirƙiri "hirar sirri" wato “Secret Chat” kuma a ba shi kariyar da hatta Telegram ɗin kansa ba zai ga hirarrakin da ake yi a irin waɗannan zaurukan ba.
Amma fa dandalin zai iya karanta duka hirar da ake yi kuma ya bai wa ƴansanda idan yana son yin hakan, sai dai ya faɗa ƙarara cewa ba shi yin hakan.
Ƴancin faɗar ra'ayi
Duk da sukar da ake yi kan ƙarancin sanya ido kan hirarraki, akwai masu ganin kama Mista Durov da aka yi bai dace ba.

Ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin intanet ta 'Access Now' ta ce tana bin abubuwan da ke faruwa.
Cikin wata sanarwa, masu fafutikar sun ce Telegram "ba abin koyi ba ne wajen gudanar da aiki da kyau" kuma ita ma ta sha sukar manhajar a baya.
Sai dai kuma, 'Access Now' ta yi gargaɗin cewa "tsare ma'aikatan dandalin da mutane ke amfani da shi wajen bayyana ra'ayoyinsu ba tare da bayyana hujjar take haƙƙi ba, zai haddasa tauye ƴancin ra'ayi, kuma ya ƙara tsuke damar".
Shi ma Telegram ɗin ya sha cewa "abin takaici ne a zargi dandalin ko kuma mamallakinsa da rashin yin amfani da shi yadda ya kamata".