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English Tenses
We have twelve tenses in English as follows
Simple Present Tense
Simple Present Tense
Simple present tense expresses that an action is done habitually or regularly. Simple present tense can be used in both negative and positive sentence as well as in questions.
Simple present tense yana nuna cewa aiki yana faruwa yau da kullum ko yana faruwa koda yaushe. Jimlar da za'a iya anfani da ita a simple present tense zata iya kasancewa "positive" (jimlar da take tabbatar da magana), za kuma ta iya kasancewa "negative" (jimlar da take musanta magana) haka kuma zata iya kasancewa jimla ta tambaya.
Example of simple present tense in sentence.
I take the book to the office (positive).
Do i take the book to the office? (question)
I don't take the book to the office. (negative)
Shehu sleeps seven hours every night. (positive)
Does Shehu sleeps seven hours every night? (question)
Shehu doesn't sleeps seven hours every night (negative)
The President of Nigeria lives in Abuja. (positive)
Does the President of Nigeria lives in Abuja? (question)
The President of Nigeria does'nt lives in Abuja.
I play tennis.
Do i play tennis?
I don't play tennis.
I get up early every day.
Do i get up early every day?
I don't get up early every night.
Usman brushes his teeth twice a day.
Do Usman brushes his teeth twice a week?
Usman does'nt brushes his teeth twice a week.
They speak Hausa at school.
Do they speak Hausa at school?
They don't speak Hausa at school.
Past Tense
Past Tense
Past tense indicates action that has already happened. Past tense is usually formed by adding 'ed' to the end of the word if the verb ends in consonant or a vowel other than 'e'.
Past tense yana nuna aiki ya wakana/auku. Galibi ana samar da Past tense ne ta hanyar sanya haruffan "ed" a ƙarken kalma muddin dai kalmar ta ƙare da harafi ne ko kuma wasali wanda ba 'e' bane.
Examples of past tense.
Present tense Past tense
Seem Seemed
look looked
laugh laughed
If verb end in '-e', past tense is usually formed by adding 'd'
Idan kalma ta ƙare da harafin 'e' to akan samar da past tense nashi ta hanyar sanya harafin "d" a ƙarken kalma.
Examples of verb end in "-e"
Present Tense Past Tense
Love loved
recede receded
hope hoped
If the verb ends in a consonant plus "y"; past tense should be formed by changing the 'y' to 'i' and then add 'ed' thereafter.
Amma idan kalma ta ƙare da harafi ne haɗe da harafin "y", to za'a samar da past tense ne ta hanyar mayar da harafin "y" ya koma "i" sannan daga bisani a sanya haruffan "ed".
Examples of verbs end in a consonant and 'y'
Present Tense Past Tense
Hurry hurried
clarify clarified
But if the verb ends in a vowel plus 'y', just add 'ed'
Amma idan kalma ta ƙare da wasali ne haɗe da kalmar "y", ana buƙatar a sanya haruffan "ed" ne kawai domin mayar da ita past tense.
Example of verb end in 'y' plus vowel
Present Tense Past Tense
Play Played
Enjoy Enjoyed
Present continuous Tense
Present Continuous Tense
Present continuous tense is made from the present tense of the verb "be" plus "ing" form.
Ana samar da Present continuous tense daga cikin present tense ɗin verb na "be" tare da haruffan "ing".
Present continuous tense can be used to express an action at the moment of speaking.
Za'a iya yin amfani da present continuous tense domin yin nuni ga aikin da yake faruwa a lokacin da kake magana.
Example of present continuous tense
We're playing together.
The boy is running.
I'm publishing on the internet.
Present continuous tense can be used to express future.
Za'a iya yin amfani da present continuous tense domin nuna aikin da zai faru nan gaba.
Example of present continuous tense
I'm going to visit my parents next week.
What are you doing in the upcoming year?
Present continuous tenses can used to ask questions.
Za'a iya yin anfani da present continuous tense gurin yin tambaya:
Example of present continuous tense
Are you writing?
Are Anas and Usman coming to your wedding?
When is he going school??
Present continuous tense can be used in negative sentence.
Za'a iya yin anfani da present continuous tense a cikin jimlar dake nuna cewa abu ba gaskiya bane.
Example of present continuous tense
I'm not publishing on the internet.
You aren't focusing on your career.
Some people aren't going to the wedding.
She isn't going to attend the lecture.
Future Tense
Future Tense
The future tense "will, shall, or going to is used to refer to things that haven't happened yet, but are expected to occur in the future.
Ana yin anfani da future tense (will, shall, ko 'going to') domin nuna aikin da bai riga ya faru ba, amma ana sa ran faruwarsa nan gaba.
Future tense can be used in the following situations.
1. To give or ask for information about the future:
Za'a iya yin anfani da future tense ne a cikin lamurra kamar haka:
1. Domin bayar da bayani ko neman ƙarin bayani akan abin da zai faru nan gaba:
Example of future tense
I was told that you will be in Kano tomorrow; how long will the journey take?
Future tense can be used to talk concerning what we think are likely to happen in the future, but which aren't completely certain.
Za'a iya yin anfani da future tense domin tattaunawa akan abun da zai iya faruwa nan gaba, amma wanda ba'a riga an gama tabbatarwa ba.
Example of future tense
I think she'll travel soon.
He won't tolerate criticism for long.
You'll never lose weight, provided you like food too much.
Future tense can be used to refer to conditional situations, things that will happen if something else occurs.
Za'a iya anfani da future tense domin nuna cewa wani abu zai iya faruwa ne kawau idan wani abun ya faru.
Example of future tense
If it's hot I'll go swimming.
You'll get tied if you work for ten hours.
Future tense can be used to make promises, threats or to state decisions.
Za'a iya anfani da future tense domin ɗaukan alƙawari, yin barazana ko kuma domin faɗin shawarar daka zartar.
Example of future tense
I'll meet you there.
Are you going into market? I'll give you a lift.
i'll never visit you again
SHALL VS WILL
Traditionally, 'shall' is used with first person pronouns (i.e 'I' and 'we') to form the future tense. But 'will' is used with second and third person forms (i.e. you, he, she, it, they)
A bisa ƙa'ida, ana amfani da 'shall' ne tare da first person pronouns (wato "i" da kuma "we") domin samar da future tense. A sa'ilin da kuma ake anfani da "will" tare da second person ko third person (wato you, he, she, it, they).
Example of future tense
I shall go to school.
They will never go to school.
But if you're expressing a strong determination to do something, the roles are reversed.
Amma idan kana nuna cewa kana da wani ƙudiri mai ƙarfi ne na yin wani abu, to anan ana yin amfani da "shall" ne tare da "second person" ko "third person", sannan kuma za'a yi anfani da "will" tare da "first person".
Example of future tense
I will not tolerate criticism.
You shall go to the field.
Present Perfect Tense
Present Perfect Tense
We used present perfect tense to express something that started in the past and continues in the present. The affirmative of present perfect tense is usually formed with "have" or "has" + past participle.
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin nuna cewa aikin ya fara gudana a lokutan baya kuma sannan ya ci gaba da wakana a halin yanzu. Akan samar da present perfect tense dake tabbatar da faruwar lamari ne ta hanyar haɗe kalmar "have" ko "has" tare da "past participle" (kalmomin da suke a past tense)
Example of present perfect tense
He've been smoke for twenty years.
Their father haven't stayed with them for years.
My mother has worked as school teacher for ten years.
I've learned English since when i was in nursery school.
The ABU students have arrived.
The children have eaten the food.
She has designed an attractive website.
She has accepted my invitation.
We can use present perfect tense in negative sentence. Negative sentence of present perfect tense can be formed with this formula: Have/has + not + past participle
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin samar da jimlar dake musantawa. Ƙa'idar da ake bi domin yin haka itace: Have/has + not + past participle.
Example of present perfect tense
Negative Sentences
She has not accepted my invitation.
You have not relied on your parents.
You have not called your boyfriend.
I have not gone to Lagos.
Present perfect tense can be use also in interrogative sentence. Interrogative sentence of present perfect tense can be formed with this formula: Have/has + subject + past participle.
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da present perfect tense domin samar da jimla ta tambaya. Ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin haka itace: Have/has + subject + past participle
Example of present perfect tense
Interrogative Sentences
Have you gone to Lagos.
Has she eaten her food?
Has he bought Android phone?
Has she ever married?
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense
We used present perfect continuous tense to show that event started in the past and continue in the present. Affirmative present perfect continuous tense is formed by using "has been" or "have been" + present participle (ing).
We often use some words such as "since", "for" and "all" to show the time of the action.
Ana amfani da present perfect continuous tense ne domin nuna cewa wani aiki ya fara a lokacin daya gabata, kuma sannan yana kan wakana a halin yanzu. Ana samar da jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ta present perfect continuous tense ce ta hanyar haɗa kalmomin "has been" ko "have been" tare da present participle (haruffan "ing").
Example of present perfect continuous tense
She has been expecting for her salary all day.
I've been working on this app sin 2019.
They have been studying abroad since last year.
My wife has been cooking since morning.
He has been writing novel since 2019.
She has been working as school teacher since 2019.
I have been watching the movie for six hours.
We can used present perfect continuous tense in negative sentence. The formula for forming negative sentence of present perfect continuous tense is: Has/have + not + been + ing
Zamu iya yin amfani da present perfect continuous tense a cikin jimlar da take musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin samar da jimlar present perfect continuous tense dake musanta magana itace: Has/have + not + been + ing.
Example of present perfect continuous tense
She has not been teaching in the school since 2019.
He has not been writing a novel for two years.
She has not been sleeping for three days.
Children in the school have not been playing football for six hours.
We can used present perfect continuous tense in interrogative sentence too. The formula for forming interrogative sentence of present perfect continuous tense is: Has/have + subject + been + ing.
Ana kuma yin amfani da present perfect continuous tense a cikin jimla ta tambaya. Ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan ita ce: Has/have + subject + been + ing.
Example of present perfect continuous tense
Have you been writing your novel since 2019?
Has she been working as a school teacher for three years?
Has she been adopting the children since 2019?
Have they been watching Hausa movie for ten Hours?
Past Continuous Tense
Past Continuous Tense
Past continuous tense express an event in the past that is still happening at the time of speaking. The affirmative sentence of past continuous tense is formed with "was/were + present participle.
Past continuous tense yana nuna wani aiki da aka fara a lokacin daya gabata, to amma kuma ba'a kammala ba yanzu. Ana samar da Past continuous tense na jimlar da take tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe kalmar "was" ko "were" tare da present participle (haruffan "ing")
Example of past continuous tense
She was waiting for her husband.
I was writing a novel.
We were driving a car.
The children were smiling to see their parents.
Past continuous tense can be use in negative sentence and the formula is: was/were + not + ing
Za'a iya yin amfani da past continuous tense a cikin jimlar dake musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi domin yin hakan itace: was/were + not + ing
Example of past continuous tense
She was not sleeping in the morning.
He was not washing his clothes but his wife does.
You were not listening carefully.
Past continuous tense can also be use as interrogative to ask questions using this formula: Was/were + subject + ing.
Haka ma za'a iya yin amfani da past continuous tense a matsayin jimla ta yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: Was/were + subject + ing
Example of past continuous tense
Were they paying their bills?
Was he writing a novel?
Were you asking me a favour?
Past Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense is used to express that something happened before another action in the past or to show that something happened before a specific time in the past.
Affirmative Past perfect is formed with "had + past participle"
Past perfect tense yana nuna cewa wani labari ya riga ya faru kafin faruwan wani abu. Ko kuma yana nuna cewa wani abu ya faru kafin wani takamammen lokaci. Ana samar da jimlar past perfect tense dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe "had" da kuma past participle (kalma wacce ke nuna cewa aiki ya kammala).
Example of past perfect tense
She had suffered a lot in her childhood.
I had lost my wallet.
She had washed the trousers.
They had travelled to China.
He had lent me his car.
Past perfect tense can also be use in negative sentence using this formula: had + not + past participle
Ana yin amfani da past perfect tense a jimlar dake musanta magana kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan itace: had + not + past participle
Example of past perfect tense
She had not notified me about her departure.
She had not washed her face.
I had not confronted her when i saw her.
Past perfect tense can also be use as interrogative using this formula: had + subject + past participle
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da past perfect tense domin yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: had + subject + ed
Example of past perfect tense
Had she finished the work?
Had your wife prepared food for the kids?
Has she wearied hijab?
Has she stayed with you?
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense express that event initiated in the past and continued in some specific period in the past.
Affirmative past perfect continuous tense is formed with "had been" + present participle.
Past perfect continuous tense yana nuna cewa wani abu ya samo asali a lokacin da ya wuce sannan ya ci gaba zuwa wani lokaci, shima duk a lokacin daya gabata. Ana samar da past perfect continuous tense na jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar hade "had been" tare da kalmar data ƙare da "ing.
Example of past perfect continuous tense
She had been washing the cloth for an hour.
They had been living in Zaria since 2019.
She had been waiting for her since Friday.
He had been applying for jobs since 2019.
Past perfect continuous tense can be use in negative sentence using this formula: had + not + been + ing.
Ana yin amfani da past perfect continuous tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: had + not + been + ing
Example of past perfect continuous tense
She had not been working on her project since 2019.
They had not been eating bread for three years.
She had not been drinking yogurt since 2019.
I had not watching films since Friday.
Past perfect continuous tense is use in interrogative sentence as well. The formula for interrogative sentence is: had + subject + been + ing
Haka kuma ana yin amfani da past perfect continuous tense domin yin tambaya kuma ƙa'idar da ake bi gurin yin hakan itace: had + subject + been + ing
Example of past perfect continuous tense
Had they been watching television since morning?
Had she been drinking yogurt since 2018?
Had he been using IPhone since 2019?
Future Continuous Tense
Future Continuous Tense
Future continuous tense is used to indicate that something will occur in the future and continue for a specific time.
The affirmative sentence of Future continuous tense is formed with "will" + "be" + "present participle"
Ana amfani da future continuous tense ne domin nuna cewa wani abu zai auku nan gaba na tsawan wani lokaci. Ana samar da future continuous tense na jimlar dake tabbatar da magana ce ta hanyar haɗe "will" da "be" da kuma present participle" (haruffan 'ing')
Example of future continuous tense
The students will be making preparations for this lecture. .
She will be writing a novel for students.
He will be going to Kaduna.
Future continuous tense is also use in negative sentence by applying this formula: Will + not + be + ing.
Ana kuma yin amfani da future continuous tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + be + ing
Example of future continuous tense
Students will not be coming here.
You will not be living for ever.
You will not be washing your clothes if you got married.
Future continuous tense is also use in interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + be + ing
Ana kuma yin amfani da future continuous tense a jimlar tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + be + ing
Example of future continuous tense
Will you be going to school?
Will she be taking her son to school?
Will he be going to Kaduna tomorrow?
Will the children be making noise?
Future Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
Future perfect tense indicates that an event will be finished by a particular time in the future. Future perfect tense is often use with "b" or "in" and its affirmative is formed with "will have" + past participle.
Future perfect tense yana nuna cewa wani aiki zai kammalu a wani lokaci nan gaba. sauda yawa future perfect tense yana tafiya ne tare da "by" ko "in" kuma ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar haɗe "will have" da "past participle" domin tabbatar da magana
Example of future perfect tense
He will have compiled the novel by Friday.
She will have bought a house.
He would have finished his duty.
Future perfect tense is use in negative sentence by applying this formula: will + not + have + past participle
Ana kuma yin amfani da future perfect tense a jimlar dake musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + have + past participle
Example of future perfect tense
He will have not reached the destination.
She will have not finished her study.
You will have not enjoyed the company.
Future perfect tense is also use in interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + have + past participle
Za kuma a iya yin amfani da future perfect tense domin yin tambaya ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + have + past participle
Example of future perfect tense
Will she have stayed with him?
Will she have got married?
Will you have written a novel?
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense
We use future perfect continuous tense to describe a continuous event that will be completed in the future. The affirmative of this tense is formed with will/shall have been + present participle
Ana amfani da future perfect continuous tense ne domin siffanta aikin da yake gudana wanda za'a kammala nan gaba. Ana samar dashi ne ta hanyar haɗe "will have been" ko "shall have been" da kuma "present participle" (haruffan "ing") domin tabbatar da magana
Example of future perfect continuous tense
In 2019, she will have been writing a novel for ten years.
In August, He will have been living in Zaria for five years.
I will have been writing novel for four years by the end of this year.
Future perfect continuous tense can be use in negative sentence by applying this formula: will + not + have + been + ing
Ana yin amfani da future perfect continuous tense a jimlar da take musanta magana ta hanyar bin wannan ƙa'idar: will + not + have + been + ing.
Example of future perfect continuous tense
She will not have been staying in Kano for seven years when her first daughter is ten years old.
Future perfect continuous tense can also be use as interrogative sentence to ask questions by applying this formula: will + subject + have + been + ing
Haka ma ana yin amfani da future perfect continuous a matsayin jimla ta tambaya ta hanyar yin amfani da wannan ƙa'idar: will + subject + have + been + ing
Example of future perfect continuous tense
How long will she have been staying in Kano when her daughter is ten years old?
